Asynchronous Programming

Synchronous Programming:Synchronous programming, executes the tasks in a predetermined order, where each operation waits for the previous one to complete before proceeding.

Asynchronous Programming:Asynchronous programming allows tasks to execute independently of one another, enabling concurrent execution and improved performance.

asyncio in Python

Asyncio is a Python library that is used for concurrent programming, including the use of async iterator in Python. It is not multi-threading or multi-processing. Asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc

1. Coroutine: A function defined with async def that can be paused and resumed. It runs until it awaits on another coroutine or an awaitable object (such as another coroutine, a task, or a future).
2. Event Loop: The core of every asyncio application. It runs asynchronous tasks and callbacks, performs network IO operations, and runs sub-processes.
3. Task: A coroutine wrapped in a task and scheduled to run on the event loop.
4. Awaitable: An object that can be used with await expression, which includes coroutines, Tasks, and Futures.
5. Future: A low-level awaitable object that represents a result that will be available in the future.

• Creating and Running coroutines

import asyncio

async def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print(f"Goodbye, {name}")
async def main():
    await greet("Alice")
    await greet("Bob")

asyncio.run(main())

You can create coroutines using async def and run them using await

• Running multiple coroutines

import asyncio

async def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print(f"Goodbye, {name}")

async def main():
    await asyncio.gather(
        greet("Alice"),
        greet("Bob")
    )

asyncio.run(main())

You can run multiple coroutines concurrently using asyncio.gather or asyncio.create_task.