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CSS Padding

Padding is used to create space around an element's content, inside of any defined borders. The CSS padding properties are used to generate space around an element's content, inside of any defined borders.

With CSS, you have full control over the padding. There are properties for setting the padding for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left).

Padding - Individual Sides​

CSS has properties for specifying the padding for each side of an element:

  • padding-top
  • padding-right
  • padding-bottom
  • padding-left

All the padding properties can have the following values:

  • length - specifies a padding in px, pt, cm, etc.
  • % - specifies a padding in % of the width of the containing element
  • inherit - specifies that the padding should be inherited from the parent element

Note: Negative values are not allowed.

Example​

Set different padding for all four sides of a <div> element:

div {
  padding-top: 50px;
  padding-right: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 50px;
  padding-left: 80px;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div has different padding for all four sides.

Padding - Shorthand Property​

To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the padding properties in one property.

The padding property is a shorthand property for the following individual padding properties:

  • padding-top
  • padding-right
  • padding-bottom
  • padding-left

If the padding property has four values:​

padding: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
  • top padding is 25px
  • right padding is 50px
  • bottom padding is 75px
  • left padding is 100px

Example​

Use the padding shorthand property with four values:

div {
  padding: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div uses the padding shorthand with four values.

If the padding property has three values:​

padding: 25px 50px 75px;
  • top padding is 25px
  • right and left paddings are 50px
  • bottom padding is 75px

Example​

Use the padding shorthand property with three values:

div {
  padding: 25px 50px 75px;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div uses the padding shorthand with three values.

If the padding property has two values:​

padding: 25px 50px;
  • top and bottom paddings are 25px
  • right and left paddings are 50px

Example​

Use the padding shorthand property with two values:

div {
  padding: 25px 50px;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div uses the padding shorthand with two values.

If the padding property has one value:​

padding: 25px;
  • all four paddings are 25px

Example​

Use the padding shorthand property with one value:

div {
  padding: 25px;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div uses the padding shorthand with one value.

Padding and Element Width​

The CSS width property specifies the width of the element's content area. The content area is the portion inside the padding, border, and margin of an element (the box model).

So, if an element has a specified width, the padding added to that element will be added to the total width of the element. This is often an undesirable result.

Example​

Here, the <div> element is given a width of 300px. However, the actual width of the <div> element will be 350px (300px + 25px of left padding + 25px of right padding):

div {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 25px;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div's total width is 350px due to padding.

To keep the width at 300px, no matter the amount of padding, you can use the box-sizing property. This causes the element to maintain its actual width; if you increase the padding, the available content space will decrease.

Example​

Use the box-sizing property to keep the width at 300px, no matter the amount of padding:

div {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 25px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

Output​

http://127.0.0.1:5500/index.html

This div's total width remains 300px due to box-sizing.